The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the quality of planting material and expand the range of ornamental plants for landscaping urbanised areas. The aim of the study was to improve the technology of privet propagation, taking into account the biological characteristics and factors affecting the rooting process, such as the use of root formation stimulants and the choice of substrates. Comparison of rooting of green and lignified cuttings revealed different efficiency depending on the substrates and root formation stimulants used, in particular, Rizopon, Heteroauxin super and Grandis. The experiments showed that the most effective root stimulant was Rizopon, which increased the percentage of rooting of cuttings by 5-10% compared to the control. The highest rooting rates were observed in Ligustrum vulgare L. and its cultivars ‘Atrovirens’ and ‘Aurea’, reaching 96 %. The substrate based on peat and river sand (2:1) was the most optimal for most species, while for Ligustrum ibota ‘Musli’ the use of pure river sand was more effective. The results of propagation by lignified cuttings showed an order of magnitude higher percentage of rooting for most of the studied plants, in particular, L. vulgare L., and its cultivars, the percentage of rooting ranges from 86-96%, while rooting by green cuttings – from 85-90%. In the case of L. ovalifolium Hassk. These indicators were somewhat lower but satisfactory, lignified cuttings 75-92%, green cuttings 74-90%. L. ibota ‘Musli’ and Ligustrum japonicum ‘Green Century’ have mediocre rooting results both with lignified and green cuttings, L. ibota ‘Musli’ when propagated by lignified cuttings had a result in the range of 12-14%, and lignified cuttings 66-68%. L. japonicum ‘Green Century’ had a higher percentage of rooting when propagated by lignified cuttings 47-62%. The results of the study can be used to increase the efficiency of privet propagation and improve the technology of growing high-quality planting material resistant to the conditions of the urbanised environment. These studies serve as an informational scientific basis for improving the systems of ornamental seedling production
ornamental nursery, vegetative propagation, green plantings, substrate, rootability, urban environment, morphometric indicators
[1] Aguirre-Acosta, N., Urdampilleta, J., Tupac Otero, J., & Aguilar, R. (2023). Genetic diversity of an invasive tree across time and contrasting landscape conditions. Forest Ecology and Management, 548, article number 121429. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.121429.
[2] Badawy, E.M., El-Attar, A.B., & El-Khateeb, A.M.A. (2020). Effect of collection dates and auxins sources on rooting and growth of Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk cuttings. Plant Archives, 20, 9199-9210.
[3] Basuchaudhuri, P. (2021). Auxins in rooting of cuttings. Indian Journal of Plant Sciences, 10, 69-85. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35517.79847.
[4] Blanusa, T., Garratt, M., Cathcart-James, M., Hunt, L., & Cameron, R. W. F. (2019). Urban hedges: A review of plant species and cultivars for ecosystem service delivery in north-west Europe. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 44, article number 126391. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126391.
[5] Chen, H., Lei, Y., Sun, J., Ma, M., Deng, P., Quan, J., & Bi, H. (2023). Effects of different growth hormones on rooting and endogenous hormone content of two Morus alba L. cuttings. Horticulturae, 9(5), article number 552. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae9050552.
[6] Chinnasamy, K., Chinnasamy, K., Bhuvana, S., Mani Bharathi, K., Mani Bharathi, B., & Susikaran, S. (2024). Influence of rooting hormone and rooting substrate on growth of apical shoot cuttings of mulberry (Morus indica L.) using mini clonal technology at nursery level. International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences, 9(4), 88-93. doi: 10.55126/ijzab.2024.v09.i04.015.
[7] Convention on Biological Diversity. (1992, June). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_030#Text.
[8] Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. (1973, June). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_129#Text
[9] Dong, J., Niu, S., Zhou, J., Qian, J., Zhao, Me., Meng, Y., & Di, B. (2021). Identification of aquaporin gene family in response to natural cold stress in Ligustrum × vicaryi Rehd. Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-941736/v1.
[10] Fisher, J.C., Rankin, E., Irvine, K.N., Goddard, M.A., Davies, Z.G., & Dallimer, M. (2022). Can biodiverse streetscapes mitigate the effects of noise and air pollution on human wellbeing? Environmental Research, 212, article number 113154. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113154.
[11] Fursa, V.R., & Pinchuk, A.P. (2024). The effect of growth stimulants on the rooting of semiǧlignified and lignified cuttings of plants of the sod genus (Cornus L.). Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 34(4), 7-12. doi: 10.36930/40340401.
[12] Ghafari, S., Kaviani, B., Sedaghathoor, S., & Allahyari, M.S. (2020). Ecological potentials of trees, shrubs and hedge species for urban green spaces by multi criteria decision making. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 55, article number 126824. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126824.
[13] Hansen, J., & Kristiansen, K. (2000). Root formation, bud growth and survival of ornamental shrubs propagated by cuttings on different planting dates. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 75(5), 568-574. doi: 10.1080/14620316.2000.11511287.
[14] Karakaş, İ., & İzci, B. (2024). Effects of different rooting medium and growth regulating agents on rooting parameters of cuttings of lavender and lavandin cultivars (Lavandula sp.). Journal of Agricultural Production, 5(3), 138-152. doi: 10.56430/japro.1485102.
[15] Kentelky, E., Jucan, D., Cantor, M., & Szekely-Varga, Z. (2021). Efficacy of different concentrations of NAA on selected ornamental woody shrubs cuttings. Horticulturae, 7(11), article number 464. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae7110464.
[16] Kolesnichenko, O.V., Slyusar, S.I., & Yakobchuk, O.M. (2008). Methodical recommendations for propagation of trees of ornamental plants of the Botanical Garden of the National University of Science and Technology of Ukraine. Kyiv: NUBP of Ukraine.
[17] Kuznetsov, S.I., Kushnir, A.I., Levon, F.M., Pushkar, V.V., Sukhanova, O.A., Kuznetsova, M.S., & Honcharenko, B.V. (2020). Range of trees, shrubs, and vines for landscape construction in Ukraine. Kyiv: CP “COMPRINT”.
[18] Lukashchuk, H.B. (2020). Dendrology. Lviv: Lviv Polytechnic Publishing House.
[19] Maurer, V.M. (2019). Decorative nursery. Kyiv: ProfKnyha.
[20] Melnyk, A.V., & Tokman, V.S. (2023). Assessment of the quality of Ligustrum vulgare L. planting material for different thickness of core material. SWorldJournal, 19(2), 3-9. doi: 10.30888/2663-5712.2023-19-02-013.
[21] Monder, M.J., & Pacholczak, A. (2023). Polyphenolic acid changes in stem cuttings of rosa cultivars in relation to phenological stage and rooting enhancers. Agronomy, 13(5), article number 1405. doi: 10.3390/agronomy13051405.
[22] Novosad, V.M. (2014). Generative and vegetative propagation of common privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.). Scientific Bulletin of NLTU of Ukraine, 24.8, 82-87.
[23] Rycyna, J.J., Wilson, S., Deng, Z., Iannone, B.V., & Knox, G.W. (2024). Landscape and fruit evaluation of three privet (Ligustrum sp.) cultivars in Florida. Horticulturae, 10(1), article number 90. doi: 10.3390/horticulturae10010090.
[24] Strashok, O. (2022). Comparative analysis of heat resistance of ornamental urban plants in Kyiv. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(3), 145-153. doi: 10.12911/22998993/145471.
[25] Tkachenko, T., Mileikovskyi, V., & Kravchenko, M. (2023). Research of gas exchange and air purification processes by plants of the common privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) species. Ecological Safety and Balanced Use of Resources, 14(2), 28-37. doi: 10.69628/esbur/2.2023.28.
[26] Wang, Y., Enze, L., Jiahui, S., & Dong, W. (2024). Phylogenetic diversity and interspecies competition shaped species diversity in adaptive radiated Ligustrum (Oleaceae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution. doi: 10.1111/jse.13117.