The study aimed to identify key factors and mechanisms for the improvement of soil and agroecosystem resilience by using agroforestry technologies in a changing climate. The impact of forest shelterbelts, crop mixing technologies and spatial planning techniques on restoring degraded lands and improving ecosystem functions was addressed. The research methodology was based on the synthesis and analysis of data from various scientific sources, and the use of theoretical models and field observations. Regions of Ethiopia, Kenya and Malawi were addressed in the analysis of the effects of multi-level forest belts and mixed crops on reducing erosion, improving soil structure and restoring biodiversity. The results of the study demonstrated that agroforestry interventions in these countries significantly reduced the intensity of water and wind erosion, improved soil water-holding capacity and restored the hydrological cycle. Forest belts increased moisture storage in arid regions of Ethiopia, improved crop yields by creating a favourable microclimate in Kenya, and protected rangeland ecosystems from degradation in Malawi. These interventions also increased soil organic carbon content, reducing the need for mineral fertilizers and minimizing anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The findings confirm the versatility of agroforestry approaches for land restoration and adaptation to climate change. The results demonstrated the importance of integrating agroforestry technologies into sustainable natural resource management systems, which emphasizes the need for scaling up in regions prone to land degradation, including the Kyrgyz Republic
forest plantations; spatial planning; ecosystem services; land restoration; water balance management
[1] Amin, M.H.A., Akter, M.M., Jutidamrongphan, W., & Techato, K.A. (2023). Okra tree crop agroforestry model: Economic and environmental impact. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25, 12527-12542. doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02577-z
[2] Budiastuti, M.T.S., Purnomo, D., & Setyaningrum, D. (2021). Agroforestry system as the best vegetation management to face forest degradation in Indonesia. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 10, 14-23. doi: 10.7831/ras.10.0_14
[3] Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R., & Dimobe, K. (2024). Agroforestry from a global perspective: Recent developments, technological advancements, and emerging research trends. In S. Kumar, B. Alam, S. Taria, P. Singh, A. Yadav & A. Arunachalam (Eds.), Agroforestry solutions for climate change and environmental restoration (pp. 3-32). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-5004-7_1.
[4] Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R., & Teketay, D. (2020). Agroforestry for degraded landscapes. Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-4136-0.
[5] Dobhal, S., Chavan, S., Upadhyay, K., Kumar, M., Lal, P., Chichaghare, A.R., & Kumar, R. (2024). Role of agroforestry in moderating extreme temperature conditions under climate change scenarios. In S. Kumar, B. Alam, S. Taria, P. Singh, A. Yadav & A. Arunachalam (Eds.), Agroforestry solutions for climate change and environmental restoration. Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-5004-7_4.
[6] Fahad, S., Chavan, S.B., Chichaghare, A.R., Uthappa, A.R., Kumar, M., Kakade, V., & Poczai, P. (2022). Agroforestry systems for soil health improvement and maintenance. Sustainability, 14(22), article number 14877. doi: 10.3390/su142214877.
[7] Field studies. (2024). Retrieved from https://discovered.com.ua/marketing/polevye-issledovaniya/.
[8] Floqi, T., Shumka, S., Malollari, I., Vezi, D., & Shabani, L. (2009). Environment and sustainable development of the Prespa park. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 10(1), 163-175.
[9] Forest and landscape restoration and agroforestry contribute to diversifying landscapes and livelihoods and increasing land productivity. (2022). Retrieved from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/65296945-2ec1-4f40-b2fa-0dfcf0d69a31/content/src/html/land-restoration-productivity-agroforestry.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
[10] Ghimire, M., Khanal, A., Bhatt, D., Dahal, D., & Giri, S. (2024). Agroforestry systems in Nepal: Enhancing food security and rural livelihoods – a comprehensive review. Food and Energy Security, 13(1), article number e524. doi: 10.1002/fes3.524.
[11] Gupta, V.P. (2020). Role of agroforestry in soil conservation and soil health management: A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4S), 555-558.
[12] Handiso, M.A., Asfaw, Z., Glaser, B., Bromm, T., Gross, A., & Lemma, B. (2024). Effects of canopy management of umbrella tree (Terminalia brownii Fres.) on microclimate and maize (Zea mays L.) yield in agroforestry parkland of South Ari District, Southern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8, article number 1464609. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1464609.
[13] Jafari, M., Tahmoures, M., Ehteram, M., Ghorbani, M., & Panahi, F. (2022). Agroforestry and its role in soil erosion biological control. In Soil erosion control in drylands (pp. 649-700). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-04859-3_7.
[14] Jalilova, G., Orozakunova, R., Baibagyshev, E., Karabaev, N., & Shergaziev, U. (2024). Farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Southern Issyk-Kul. Ekonomika APK, 31(4), 23-32. doi: 10.32317/ekon.apk/4.2024.23.
[15] Jhariya, M.K., Raj, A., Banerjee, A., Meena, R.S., Bargali, S.S., Kumar, S., Nema, S., Poonam & Oraon, P.R. (2022). Plan and policies for soil organic carbon management under agroforestry system. In R.S. Meena, C.S. Rao & A. Kumar (Eds.), Plans and policies for soil organic carbon management in agriculture (pp. 191-219). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-6179-3_8.
[16] Jinger, D., et al. (2023). Degraded land rehabilitation through agroforestry in India: Achievements, current understanding, and future prospectives. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11, article number 1088796. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1088796.
[17] Kaluza, J (2023). What is comparative analysis? A complete guide. Retrieved from https://dovetail.com/research/comparative-analysis/.
[18] Kaur, A., Paruchuri, R.G., Nayak, P., Devi, K.B., Upadhyay, L., Kumar, A., & Yousuf, M. (2023). The role of agroforestry in soil conservation and sustainable crop production: A comprehensive review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(11), 3089-3095. doi: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113478.
[19] Kaushal, R., Mandal, D., Panwar, P., Rajkumar, N., Kumar, P., Tomar, J., & Mehta, H. (2021). Soil and water conservation benefits of agroforestry. In Forest resources resilience and conflicts (pp. 259-275). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822931-6.00020-4.
[20] Kerimkhulle, S., Aitkozha, Z., Saliyeva, A., Kerimkulov, Z., Adalbek, A., & Taberkhan, R. (2023). Agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing industry of Kazakhstan economy: Input-output analysis. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 596, 786-797. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-21435-6_68.
[21] Koné, S., & Galiegue, X. (2023). Potential development of biochar in Africa as an adaptation strategy to climate change impact on agriculture. Environmental Management, 72, 1189-1203. doi: 10.1007/s00267-023-01821-0.
[22] Kraft, P., Rezaei, E.E., Breuer, L., Ewert, F., Große-Stoltenberg, A., Kleinebecker, T., & Nendel, C. (2021). Modelling agroforestry’s contributions to people – a review of available models. Agronomy, 11(11), article number 2106. doi: 10.3390/agronomy11112106.
[23] Kumar, S., Alam, B., Taria, S., Singh, P., Yadav, A., Dwivedi, R.P., & Arunachalam, A. (2024). Agroforestry practices: A sustainable way to combat the climate crisis and increase productivity. In U. Chatterjee, R. Shaw, S. Kumar, A.D. Raj & S. Das (Eds.), Climate crisis: Adaptive approaches and sustainability (pp. 211-228). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44397-8_12.
[24] Lebrazi, S., & Fikri-Benbrahim, K. (2022). Potential of tree legumes in agroforestry systems and soil conservation. In Advances in legumes for sustainable intensification (pp. 461-482). Cambridge: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00004-5.
[25] Marques, M.A., Anjos, L.H.C.D., & Delgado, A.R.S. (2022). Land recovery and soil management with agroforestry systems. Spanish Journal of Soil Science, 12, article number 10457. doi: 10.3389/sjss.2022.10457.
[26] Martin, D.A., Osen, K., Grass, I., Hölscher, D., Tscharntke, T., Wurz, A., & Kreft, H. (2020). Land‐use history determines ecosystem services and conservation value in tropical agroforestry. Conservation Letters, 13(5), article number e12740. doi: 10.1111/conl.12740.
[27] Nakouwo, S.N., & Zhang, D. (2024). Climate finance and investment in Africa: A case study of Ghana. In F. Wu, D. Zhang & Q. Ji (Eds.), Climate finance (pp. 315-374). Singapore: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-3308-8_8.
[28] Naumova, K (2024). Creation of sustainable agroecosystems with diverse grazing patterns. Retrieved from https://biofield.com.ua/ru/stati/sozdaniye-ustoychivykh-agroekosistem-raznoobraznymi-skhemami-vypasa_974.
[29] Nesterenko, S., Dubas, R., Semenenko, O., & Kuchmieiev, O. (2022). Methodology for the assessment of forestry competitiveness in Ukraine. Ekonomika APK, 29(4), 40-46. doi: 10.32317/2221-1055.202204040.
[30] Nkansah-Dwamena, E. (2023). Why Small-Scale circular agriculture is central to food security and environmental sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa? The case of Ghana. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 4(2), 995-1019. doi: 10.1007/s43615-023-00320-y.
[31] Panagos, P., Ballabio, C., Himics, M., Scarpa, S., Matthews, F., Bogonos, M., & Borrelli, P. (2021). Projections of soil loss by water erosion in Europe by 2050. Environmental Science & Policy, 124, 380-392. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.07.012.
[32] Plieninger, T., Muñoz-Rojas, J., Buck, L.E., & Scherr, S.J. (2020). Agroforestry for sustainable landscape management. Sustainability Science, 15(5), 1255-1266. doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00836-4.
[33] R, S., & Richard, J.J. (2022). Windbreaks and shelterbelts: Bio-protectors for soil and wind erosion. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4216977.
[34] Rodríguez, B.C., Zuazo, V.D., Rodríguez, M.S., García-Tejero, I., Ruiz, B.G., De Torres, M.R., & Tavira, S.C. (2022). Legumes protect the soil erosion and ecosystem services. In Advances in legumes for sustainable intensification (pp. 247-266). Cambridge: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00010-0.
[35] Sahoo, G., Wani, A.M., Sharma, A., Rout, S. (2020). Agroforestry for forest and landscape restoration. International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work, 9, 536-542. doi: 10.4060/i7374e.
[36] Santosa, F.J., Padmaningrum, D., Widiyanto, Purwanto, D., & Wardani, R.R.I.K. (2024). The economic impact of agroforestry practice in production forest areas, Сentral Java province, Indonesia. Scientific Horizons, 27(4), 141-153. doi: 10.48077/scihor4.2024.141.
[37] Sauer, T.J., Dold, C., Ashworth, A.J., Nieman, C.C., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Philipp, D., & Chendev, Y.G. (2021). Agroforestry practices for soil conservation and resilient agriculture. In R.P. Udawatta & S. Jose (Eds.), Agroforestry and ecosystem services (pp. 19-48). Cham: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80060-4_2.
[38] Shlapak, V., & Zvorska, N. (2024). Influence of shelterbelts of different designs on soil fertility and moisture availability in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 20(1). doi: 10.31548/dopovidi.1(107).2024.024.
[39] Singh, S., & Singh, G. (2024). Agroforestry for sustainable development: Assessing frameworks to drive agricultural sector growth. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26, 22281-22317. doi: 10.1007/s10668-023-03551-z.
[40] Skydan, O.V., Fedoniuk, T.P., Pyvovar, P.V., Dankevych, V.Ye., & Dankevych, Y.M. (2021). Landscape fire safety management: the experience of Ukraine and the EU. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences, 6(450), 125-132. doi: 10.32014/2021.2518-170X.128.
[41] Systematization of statistical data and the development and application of a methodology for assessing the impact of the use of the intellectual property system. (2022). Retrieved from https://dacatalogue.wipo.int/projects/DA_1_4_10_35_37_01.
[42] Tomar, J.M.S., Ahmed, A., Bhat, J.A., Kaushal, R., Shukla, G., & Kumar, R. (2021). Potential and opportunities of agroforestry practices in combating land degradation. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.97843.
[43] Vayansky, I., & Kumar, S.A. (2020). A review of topic modeling methods. Information Systems, 94, article number 101582. doi: 10.1016/j.is.2020.101582.
[44] Yang, J., Ding, D., Zhang, X., & Gu, H. (2024). A comparative analysis of soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure among four shelterbelt species in the northeast China plain. Microbiology Spectrum, 12(4), article number e03683-23. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03683-23.
[45] Zhu, X., et al. (2020). Reductions in water, soil and nutrient losses and pesticide pollution in agroforestry practices: A review of evidence and processes. Plant and Soil, 453, 45-86. doi: 10.1007/s11104-019-04377-3.